Lanius Shrikes
The genus name Lanius found its description in Carl Linnaeus (as Caroli Linnæi), Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (10th edn., Holmiæ [Stockholm]: Salvii, 1758), i. 93, with synonym references of the type species (Lanius Excubitor, 94) to Ulisse Aldrovandi (as Ulyssis Aldrovandi), Ornithologiae, hoc est de avibus historiae, libri XII, ad Clementem VII, cum indice septendecim linguarum copiosissimo (Bononiae [Bologna]: Franciscum de Franciscis Senensem, 1599), v. 386 (Lanius cinereum fæmina) and Francis Willoughby (as Francisci Willughbeii), Ornithologiæ libri tres: in quibus Aves omnes hactenus cognitæ in methodum naturis suis convenientem redactæ accuratè describuntur, descriptiones iconibus elegantissimis & vivarum avium simillimisæri incisis illustratur (Londini [London]: Martyn, 1676), ii. 53 (Lanius cinereus major Great Butcher-bird, Mattagess). Both these works take Lanius from Conrad Gessner (as Conradi Gesneri), Historiæ animalium, Liber III qui est de avium natura (Tiguri [Zürich]: Froschoverum, 1555), 777, who invented the epithet of Lanios/Lanius (from Latin lanius = butcher) as according to him the genus deserved a new name.
An imaginative genus with many synonyms – the Richmond card index has 679 entries (including duplicates the list is still voluminous) – many species taxonomically in flux, the IOC recognizes 28 species, 70 subspecies, though some subspecies may well be split to species level, and some may be lumped.
- Tiger Shrike – Lanius tigrinus = Tiger Shrike – from Latin tigris = tiger, from Greek τίγρις, tígris = tiger – described by Auguste Drapiez in Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent (ed.), Dictionnaire classique d’histoire naturelle (Paris: Rey et Gravier and Baudouin, 1828), xiii. 523, as Lanius tigrinus Pie-Grièche à dos strié = Streak-backed Shrike;
- Souza’s Shrike – Lanius souzae = Sousa’s Shrike – for José Augusto de Sousa, Director of Ornithology, Museum of Lisbon – collected by José d’Anchieta near Caconda, Angola, described by José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage in ‘Espèces nouvelles d’Angola’, Jornal de sciencias mathematicas, physicas e naturaes, 6/23 (1878), 213 (listed in ‘Aves das possessões portuguezas d’Africa occidental: Decima sexta lista’, Jornal de sciencias mathematicas, physicas e naturaes, 6/23 (1878), 204), as Lanius Souzae and Numbotue (Bantu?);
- L. s. souzae – the nominate form;
- L. s. tacitus = Silent Shrike – from Latin tacere = to be silent – type specimen collected by V.J. Wilson near the Rukuzi River, Eastern Province, Zambia, described by Phillip Clancey in ‘Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on African birds XXVIII’, Durban Museum Novitates, 8/17 (1970), 341–344, as Lanius souzae tacitus;
- L. s. burigi = Burigi Shrike – for Lake Burigi, Tanzania – collected by Rudolf Grauer on 30 June 1907 near the Tanzania–Rwanda border (‘between Usuvi, northwest Tanganyika Territory, and the Kisaka district of eastern Ruanda’), described by James Chapin in ‘Sousa’s Shrike in Tanganyika territory’, Auk, 67/2 (1950), 241–242, as Lanius souzae burigi;
- Bull-headed Shrike – Lanius bucephalus = Bull-headed Shrike – Latinized from Greek βους, bous = bull, ox, and Greek κεφαλη, kephalē = head, with Latin -us = adjectival suffix – described by Coenraad Jacob Temminck and Hermann Schlegel in ‘Descriptions des oiseaux observés au Japon par les voyageurs hollandais’, in Ph.Fr. de Siebold [sic], C.J. Temmink, H. Schlegel and W. de Haan, Fauna japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1823-1830 (Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden]: Arnz, 1845), livr. 2, 39–41 (collated and repr. as Fauna japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1823-1830 (Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden]: Arnz, 1850), iv. 39–41, pl. 14), as Lanius bucephalus Pie grièche bucéphale;
- L. b. bucephalus – the nominate form;
- L. b. sicarius = Murdering Shrike – from Latin sīca = dagger, and Latin -ārius = relational adjectival suffix – collected by J.F. Rock near Liulin, in the Tao River valley, Gansu Province, China (the town is listed as Choni = Jonê), May 1925, described by Outram Bangs and James L. Peters in ‘Birds collected by Dr. Joseph F. Rock in western Kansu and eastern Tibet’, Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 68/7 (1928), 358, as Lanius bucephalus sicarius;
- Brown Shrike – Lanius cristatus = Crested Shrike – from Latin crista = crest, and Latin -ātus = possessive adjectival suffix – described by Carl Linnaeus (as Caroli Linnæi) in Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (10th edn., Holmiæ [Stockholm]: Salvii, 1758), i. 93, as Lanius cristatus;
- L. c. cristatus (HBWAlive: Northern Brown Shrike) – the nominate form;
- L. c. confusus = Combined Shrike – from perfect passive participle of Latin cōnfundere = to mix – collected by Boris Stegmann near Kumara, Amur Oblast, Russia on 12 June 1928, described in ‘Neue Formen aus Ost-Siberien’, Journal für Ornithologie, 77/2 (1929), 248, as Lanius cristatus confusus;
- L. c. lucionensis (HBWAlive: Philippine Brown Shrike) = Luzon Shrike – for Luzon, and Latin -ēnsis = geographical adjectival suffix – described by Carl Linnaeus (Caroli a Linné) in Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (12th edn., Holmiæ [Stockholm]: Salvii, 1766), i. 135, as Lanius lucionensis;
- L. c. superciliosus (HBWAlive: Japanese Brown Shrike) = Eyebrow Shrike – from Latin supercilium = eyebrow, and Latin -ōsus = adjectival suffix indicating abundance – described by John Latham in Supplementum Index ornithologici, sive systematis ornithologiæ (Londini [London]: Leigh and Sotheby, 1802), xx, as Lanius Superciliosus;
- Red-backed Shrike – Lanius collurio = Shrike – from Greek κολλυριων, kolluriōn = thrush-sized bird mentioned by Aristotle and Hesychius, interpreted by Pierre Belon to be a ‘great shrike’ (likely a grey shrike) in L’histoire de la nature des oyseaux, avec leurs descriptions, & naïfs portraicts retirez du naturel, escrite en sept livres (Paris: Corrozet, 1555), 127–128 – Carl Linnaeus adapted the name in his description in Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (10th edn., Holmiæ [Stockholm]: Salvii, 1758), i. 94, as Lanius Collurio;
- lumped subspecies: L. c. kobylini = Kobylin’s Shrike – for A.M. Kobylin, Transcaucasian collector – type specimen collected by Kobylin near Kutaisi (Kutais), Rioni River valley, and Surami (Ssuram), Likhi mountains, Georgia, May 1906(?), described by S.A. Buturlin in ‘On the birds collected in Transcaucasia by Mr. A.M. Kobylin’, Ibis, 8th ser., 6/21 (1906), 416, as Enneoctonus collurio kobylini (where Enneoctonus = Nine Killer (Latinized from Greek ἐννέα, ennéa = nine, and Greek -κτόνος, -któnos = killer), cf. Neuntöter (Lanius collurio), first used by F. Boie in ‘Generalübersicht der ornithologischen Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen’, Isis von Oken, 1826, Band 1, Heft 10, 973, a genus name for Lanius collurio) – lumped 1997 recommendation: Norbert Lefranc and Tim Worfolk, Shrikes: A Guide to the Shrikes of the World (London: Pica, 1997), 90, in turn following L.S. Stepanyan, Sostav i Raspredelenie Ptitsi Fauny SSSR: Vorobyinoobvraznye – Passeriformes [Composition and Distribution of the Birds of the USSR Fauna: Passerines – Passeriformes] (Moscow: Nauka, 1978), and Stanley Cramp, C.M. Perrins, Duncan J. Brooks, Euan Dunn, Robert Gillmor, Joan Hall-Craggs, Brian Hillcoat, P.A.D. Hollom, E.M. Nicholson, C.S. Roselaar, W.T.C. Seale, P.J. Sellar, K.E.L. Simmons, D.W. Snow, Dorothy Vincent, K.H. Voous, D.I.M. Wallace and M.G. Wilson, Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palearctic. Volume VII: Flycatchers to Shrikes (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993);
- Isabelline Shrike – Lanius isabellinus = Isabelline Shrike – from isabelline = greyish yellow, (supposedly) the colour of Isabella I’s undergarments, and Latin -īnus = adjectival suffix indicating origin – described by Wilhelm Friedrich Hemprich (in honour) and Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (as Friderici Guilelmi Hemprich and Christiani Godofredi Ehrenberg, respectively) in Symbolae physicae seu Icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongalam Syriam Arabiam et Habessiniam. Pars zoologica I. Aves (Berolini [Berlin]: Ex Officina academica, 1833), sig. e n. 2, as Lanius isabellinus;
- L. i. isabellinus (HBWAlive: Daurian Isabelline Shrike) – the nominate form;
- L. i. arenarius (HBWAlive: Chinese Isabelline Shrike) = Sand Shrike – from Latin arēna (harēna) = sand, and Latin -ārius = relational adjectival suffix – collected by William John Edward Boys between Sindh (as Scinde), Islamic Republic of Pakistan, and Firozpur (as Ferozepore), Punjab, India, described by Edward Blyth in ‘Notices and descriptions of various new or little known species of birds’, Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal, 15/172 (1846), 304, as Lanius arenarius;
- L. i. tsaidamensis – for Qaidam Basin, alternative spelling Tsaidam, and Latin -ēnsis = geographical adjectival suffix – described by Modest Bogdanov in a paper read at the Physics and Mathematics Division of the Imperial Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences, 11 March 1880, ‘Сорокопуты русской фауны и их сородичи’ [Shrikes of the Russian Fauna and Their Relatives], Записки Императорский Академии наук. Санкт-Петербург [Mémoires de l’Académie impériale des sciences de St. Pétersbourg], 39/1 (1881), 35, 38, 204, as Otomela isabellinus var. major (where Otomela = blackear, Latinized oto- from Greek ὠτ-, ōt-, from οὖς, oûs = ear, and melās from Greek μέλᾱς, mélās = dark, first used by Charles L. Bonaparte in ‘Monographie des Laniens’, Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée, 2nd ser., 5/10 (1853), 436) – however, this was preoccupied by Johann Friedrich Gmelin′s Lanius major in Carl Linnaeus (as Caroli a Linné), Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, 13th edn., ed. Gmelin (Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Beer, 1788), i. 300, and Peter Simon Pallas′s (as Petro Pallas) Lanius major in Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica : sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico, et adjacentibus maribus observatorum recensionem, domicilia, mores et descriptiones, anatomen atque icones plurimorum (Petropolis [Saint Petersburg]: in officina Caes. Academiae scientiarum impress, 1811), i. 401–402 – subsequently renamed by Boris Stegmann in ‘Ueber die Formen der paläarktischen Rotrücken- und Rotschwanzwürger und deren taxonomischen Wert’, Ornithologische Monatsberichte, 38/4 (1930), 115, as Lanius collurio tsaidamensis;
- Red-tailed Shrike – Lanius phoenicuroides = Red-tailed like Shrike – from (Lanius) phoenicurus epithet (from Greek φοῖνῐξ, phoînix = purple, red, and Greek ουρά, ourá = tail) and Greek εἶδος, eîdos = form, likeness – type specimen collected by Alexei Fedchenko in Turkestan on 10 April (1872?) (according to W.R. Ogilvie-Grant in ‘Errata and additions’, Novitates zoologicae, 9 (1902), xii, complementing his ‘A review of the species of shrikes in the genus
- Burmese Shrike – Lanius collurioides = Red-backed like Shrike – from Lanius collurio epithet (q.v.), and Greek εἶδος, eîdos = form, likeness – described by René-Primevère Lesson in Charles Bélanger, Voyage aux Indes-Orientales, par le nord de l’Europe, les provinces du Caucase, la Géorgie, l’Armeénie et la Perse, suivi de détails topographiques, statistiques et autre sur le Pégou, les Iles de Java, de Maurice et de Bourbon, sur le Cap de Bonne-Espérance et Sainte-Hélène, Pendant les années 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828 et 1829: Zoologie (Paris: Bertrand, 1831), livr. 4, p. ? (collated and republ. Bélanger, Voyage aux Indes-Orientales, par le nord de l’Europe, les provinces du Caucase, la Géorgie, l’Armeénie et la Perse, suivi de détails topographiques, statistiques et autre sur le Pégou, les Iles de Java, de Maurice et de Bourbon, sur le Cap de Bonne-Espérance et Sainte-Hélène, Pendant les années 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828 et 1829: Zoologie (Paris: Bertrand, 1834), 250–251), as Lanius collurioides l’Écorcheur Indien = Indian Shrike, where écorcheur = flayer, skinner = synonym of shrike;
- L. c. collurioides – the nominate form;
- L. c. nigricapillus – Black-capped Shrike – from Latin niger = black, and Latin -capillus = -capped – type specimen collected on 5 October 1925 near Đà Lạt, Vietnam (then Dalat, South Annam) by Jean Delacour, exhibited on behalf of Delacour by Norman Boyd Kinnear at the 303rd Meeting of the British Ornithologists’ Club on Wednesday 13 October 1926, described by Delacour as Lanius collurioides melanocephalus and published in Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club, 47/308 (1926), 13, indexed as M. J. Delacour (the initial M. for Monsieur), ‘Descriptions of thirty-one new species and subspecies from Annam and Laos’ and as N.B. Kinnear, ‘On behalf of M.J. Delacour, exhibition of some of the types of the new species and species [sic] obtained during the Franco-British Expedition to French Indo-China, including two specimens of Pitta ellioti‘ – subsequently, at the 305th Meeting of the British Ornithologists’ Club on Wednesday 8 December 1926, Kinnear proposed on behalf of Delacour to rename the species to Lanius collurioides nigricapillus, published in Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club, 47/310 (1926), 70, since melanocephalus was preoccupied by Lanius melanocephalus (which Johann Friedrich Gmelin had published in Carl Linnaeus (as Caroli a Linné), Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, 13th edn., ed. Gmelin (Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Beer, 1788), i. 309);
- Emin’s Shrike – Lanius gubernator = Governor Shrike – from Latin gubernāre = to govern, in essence for Emin Pasha (Isaak Eduard Schnitzer), governor of Equatoria – collected by Emin Pasha (Emin Bey) near Langomeri (now Lamwo District, northern Uganda), described by Gustav Hartlaub in ‘Diagnosen neuer Arten aus Centralafrika, gesammelt von Dr. Emin Bey’, Ornithologisches Centralblatt, 7/11–12 (1882), 91, as Lanius gubernator – Hartlaub published simultaneously (dated one month later) a more elaborate description in ‘Ueber einige neue Vögel aus dem oberen Nilgebiete’, Journal für Ornithologie, 30/159 (1882), 323–324;
- Bay-backed Shrike – Lanius vittatus = Banded Shrike – from Latin vittātus = banded – type specimen likely collected by Jean-Baptiste Leschenault de la Tour near Puducherry (then Pondichéry), India, described by Achille Valenciennes in Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d’après l’état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l’utilité qu’en peuvent retirer la médecine, l’agriculture, le commerce et les artes, 40 (1826), 227, as Lanius vittatus Pie-grièche a bandeau = Headband Shrike;
- L. v. nargianus = Nargiani Shrike – from Balochi nargiani = shrike – type specimen collected by Nikolai Zarudny on 19 April 1901 (6 April 1901 according to the then current Russian, Julian calendar) near Champ, Sarbaz County, Iran, described by Charles Vaurie in ‘Systematic notes on palearctic birds no. 17: Lanidae’, American Museum Novitates, 1752 (1955), 10–12, as Lanius vittatus nargianus;
- L. v. vittatus = the nominate form;
- Long-tailed Shrike – Lanius schach = Schach Shrike – transliteration of Cantonese name used near Xiaoguwei (French Island), Guangdong Province, China, although also thought to be onomatopoeic – described by Carl Linnaeus (as Caroli Linnæi) in Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (10th edn., Holmiæ [Stockholm]: Salvii, 1758), i. 94, as Lanius Schach, which he adapted from Lanius A-scack found in Pehr Osbeck‘s diary entry of 25 September 1751 in Dagbok öfwer en Ostindisk resa åren 1750, 1751, 1752: Med anmårkningar uti naturkunnigheten, fråmmande folkslags språk, seder, hushållning, m.m. (Stockholm: Grefing, 1757), 227–228, trans. Johann Reinhold Forster (as John Reinhold Forster) as A Voyage to China and the East Indies (London: White, 1771), i. 367 (Linnaeus binomial has replaced the original Lanius A-scack in the translation);
- L. s. erythronotus (HBWAlive: Indian Long-tailed Shrike) – Reddish-backed Shrike – Latinization of Greek ἐρῠθρός, eruthrós = reddish, red, and Greek νῶτον, nôton = back, with Latin -us = adjectival suffix – exhibited and described at the 22 February 1831 meeting of the Science and Correspondence Committee of the Zoological Society of London by its Chair, N.A. Vigors, published in Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London, 1/4 (1831), 42–43 (indexed as ‘Observations on a collection of birds from the Himalayan Mountains, with characters of new genera and species’), as Collurio erythronotus;
- L. s. caniceps = Grey-headed Shrike – from cānus = gray, and Latin -ceps = headed – described by Ed. Blyth in ‘Notices and descriptions of various new or little known species of birds’, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 15/172 (1846), 302–303, as Lanius caniceps;
- L. s. tricolor (HBWAlive: Himalayan Long-tailed Shrike) = Tricoloured Shrike – from Latin prefix -tri (from trēs) = three, and Latin color = colour – described by B.H. Hodgson in ‘On some new species of the more typical Laniidæ of Nepal’, India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts, 1//10 (1837), 446, as Lanius tricolor;
- L. s. schach (HBWAlive: Chinese Long-tailed Shrike) – the nominate form;
- L. s. longicaudatus = Long-tailed Shrike – from Latin longus = long, and Latin caudatus = tailed – type specimen collected by Robert H. Schomburgk in Siam (now Thailand), first mentioned in a list (probably for future description) by John Gould without notice that it concerned a new species, in ‘List of birds collected in Siam by Sir Robert H. Schomburgk (H.B.M. Consul at Bangkok)’, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 27/2 (1859), 151, as Lanius longicaudatus, but no elaboration was ever provided by Gould and thus the name stayed available, after which W.R. Ogilvie-Grant provided a description in ‘A review of the species of shrikes of the genus Lanius‘, Novitates zoologicae, 9/3 (1902), 480, as Lanius nigriceps longicaudatus;
- L. s. bentet (HBWAlive: Sunda Long-tailed Shrike) = Bentet Shrike – from Indonesian/Javanese bentet = shrike – type specimen collected by Thomas Horsfield on Java ‘between 1811 and 1817’, description presented in a paper read to the Linnean Society of London on 18 April 1820, published in ‘Systematic arrangement and description of birds from the island of Java’, Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 13/1 (1821), 144, as Lanius bentet;
- L. s. nasutus (HBWAlive: Philippine Long-tailed Shrike) = Big-nosed Shrike – from Latin nāsus = nose, and Latin -tus = adjectival suffix – described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli (as Ioannes Antonius Scopoli) in Deliciae florae et faunae Insubricae seu novae, aut minus cognitae species plantarum et animalium quas in Insubria Austriaca tam spontaneas, qua in exoticas vidit, descripsit, et aeri incidi (Ticini [Pavia]: Monasterii S. Salvatoris, 1786), ii. 85, as Lanius nasutus;
- L. s. suluensis = Sulu Shrike – for the Sulu Archipelago, Philippines, and Latin -ensis = geographical adjectival suffix – type specimen collected by Edgar A. Mearns near Bual, Sulu Archipelago, on 21 February 1904, described by Mearns in ‘Description of eight new Philippine birds, with notes on other species new to the islands’, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 18 (1905), 86, as Cephalophoneus suluensis Sulu Long-tailed Shrike, where cephalophoneus = large-headed shrike, from Greek κεφᾰλή, kephalḗ = head, and Greek φονεύς, phoneús = murderer (genus Phoneus was used by Jakob Kaup for the German Neuntöter, (now Red-Backed) Shrike (= nine killer, from the folklore that the bird would kill nine preys before starting on the first) in Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der europäischen Thierwelt (Darmstadt: Leske, 1829), i. 33–34, a synonym for Lanius rufus);
- L. s. stresemanni = Stresemann’s Shrike – for Erwin Stresemann – described by Robert Mertens in ‘Zur Kenntnis der Vogelfauna von Deutsch-Neuguinea’, Senckenbergiana, 5 (1923), 228;
- Grey-backed Shrike – Lanius tephronotus = Ash-backed Shrike – from Greek τεφρός, tephrós = ash-coloured, and Greek νῶτον, nôton = back – type specimen from the Himalyas exhibited by N.A. Vigors at the 22 February 1831 meeting of the Science and Correspondece Committee of the Zoological Society of London, description published in Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London, 1/4 (1831), 43, as Collurio tephronotus;
- L. t. lahulensis = Lahaul Shrike – for Lahaul District, colonial Punjab Province (present day Himachal Pradesh), India – collected by Walter Koelz on 15 June 1936 in Lahaul District, described in ‘New subspecies of birds from southwestern Asia’, American Museum Novitates, 1452 (1950), 7, as Lanius tephronotus lahulensis;
- L. t. tephronotus – the nominate form;
- Mountain Shrike – Lanius validirostris = Strong-billed Shrike – from Latin validus = strong, and Latin rostrum = bill, beak – collected by John Whitehead in north Luzon, January–March 1894, described by W.R. Ogilvie-Grant in a ‘Postscript’ to the proceedings of the 18th meeting of the British Ornithologists’ Club, 20 June 1894, in Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club, 3 (1894), 49, as Lanius validirostris, an elaboration was published in ‘On the birds of the Philippine Islands. Part II: The highlands of north Luzon, 5000 feet’, Ibis, 6th ser., 6/26 (1894), 512;
- L. v. validirostris – the nominate form;
- L. v. tertius = Third Shrike (likely the third subspecies described of Lanius validirostris) – from Latin tertius = third – type specimen collected by John Whitehead near Dulangan, Mindoro island, Philippines, on 8 December 1896, described by Finn Salomonsen in ‘Miscellaneous notes on Philippine birds’, Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 115 (1953), 278;
- L. v. hachisuka – for Masauji Hachisuka – collected by Hachisuka on 12 February 1929 near Lake Apo, Mindanao, Philippines, description sent to the 489th Meeting of the British Ornithologists’ Club, Wednesday 16 November 1949, by Sidney Dillon Ripley, published in ‘A new race of shrike from the Philippines’, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club, 69/11 (1949), 121–122, as Lanius validirostris hachisuka;
- Mackinnon’s Shrike – Lanius mackinnoni – for Scottish medical officer in east Africa Archibald Donald Mackinnon – type specimen collected near Kikuyu, Kenya, described by R. Bowdler Sharpe in ‘Diagnoses of new species of birds from central east Africa’, Ibis, 6th ser., 3/11 (1891), 444, as Lanius mackinnoni;
- Lesser Grey Shrike – Lanius minor = Lesser Shrike – from Latin minor = lesser (comparative of parvus = little) – described by Jo. Frid. Gmelin in Carl Linnaeus (as Caroli a Linné), Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, ed. Gmelin (Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Beer, 1788), i. 308, as Lanius minor;
- (HBWAlive recognized subspecies) L. m. minor – the nominate form;
- (HBWAlive recognized subspecies) L. m. turanicus = Turanian Shrike – from Persian توران, Tūrān = land of Tur, and Latin -icus = genitival adjectival suffix – described by A.V. Fediushin in ‘Neue Formen palaearktischer Vögel’, Journal für Ornithologie, 75 (1927), 493;
- Loggerhead Shrike – Lanius ludovicianus = Louisiana Shrike – for Louisiana, United States, from masculine form of Latinized Ludoviciana = Louisiana – described by Carl Linnaeus (Caroli a Linné) in Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (12th edn., Holmiæ [Stockholm]: Salvii, 1766), i. 134–135, as Lanius ludovicianus;
- L. l. excubitorides = Great-grey-like Shrike – from epithet (Lanius) excubitor, and suffix -ides (from Greek εἶδος, eîdos) = resembling – collected near Fort Carlton (then Carlton House), Saskatchewan, Canada, described by William Swainson in Swainson and John Richardson, Fauna boreali-americana: Or the Zoology of the Northern Parts of British America. Containing Descriptions of the Objects of Natural History Collected on the Late Northern Land Expeditions under Command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part Second: The Birds (London: Murray, 1832), pl. 34, 115–121, as Lanius excubitorides;
- L. l. migrans = Migrating Shrike – from Latin migrāns = migrating – collected by C.K. Clarke on 4 April 1898 near Kingston, Ontario, Canada, described by William Palmer in ‘Our small eastern shrikes’, Auk, 15/3 (1898), 248–258, as Lanius ludovicianus migrans Migrant Shrike;
- L. l. ludovicianus – the nominate form;
- L. l. miamensis = Miami Shrike – for Miami, FL, USA, and Latin -ensis = geographical adjectival suffix – collected by Louis B. Bishop near Cutler, Dade County, Florida, USA, on 5 February 1932, described in ‘Two apparently unrecognized races of North American birds’, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 46/44 (1933), 203–205, as Lanius ludovicianus miamensis Miami Shrike – lumped with L. l. ludovicianus, 2008 recommendation: Reuven Yosef and International Shrike Working Group, ‘Family Laniidae (Shrikes)’, Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott, David Christie (eds.), Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 13: Penduline-tits to Shrikes, (Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 2008), 732–773;
- L. l. anthonyi – for Alfred Webster Anthony – collected by Rollo Beck on 6 May 1897 on Santa Cruz Island, described by US ornithologist Edgar A. Mearns in ‘Descriptions of two new birds from the Santa Barbara Islands, southern California’, Auk, 15/3 (1898), 261–264, Lanius ludovicianus anthonyi;
- L. l. mearnsi – for Edgar Alexander Mearns – collected by Mearns on San Clemente Island, California, 27 Augustus 1894, described by Robert Ridgway in ‘Descriptions of new genera species and subspecies of American birds’, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 16/28 (1903), 108, as Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi;
- L. l. grinnelli – for Joseph Grinnell – type specimen collected by E.W. Nelson and E.A. Goldman, described by Harry C. Oberholser in ‘Description of a new subspecies of Lanius ludovicianus‘, Wilson Bulletin, 31/3 (1919), 87–90, as Lanius ludovicianus grinnelli Grinnell Shrike;
- L. l. mexicanus = Mexican Shrike – for Mexico – described by Ch. Ludwig Brehm in ‘Der grosse Würger (Lanius excubitor Lin.) und einige seiner Verwandten’, Journal für Ornithologie, 2/8 (1854), 145–146, 148, as Lanius mexicanus Der mexicanische Würger;
- Northern Shrike (HBWAlive: Northern Grey Shrike) – Lanius borealis = Northern Shrike – from Latin boreālis = northern – described by L.P. Vieillot in Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l’Amérique septentrionale, contenant un grand nombre d’espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois (Paris: Desray, 1808), i. 80, pl. 50, as Lanius borealis La collurie boréale – split from Lanius excubitor (incl. ssp. sibiricus, bianchii, mollis, funereus), 2010 recommendation: Urban Olsson, Per Alström, Lars Svensson, Mansour Aliabadian and Per Sundberg, ‘The Lanius excubitor (Aves, Passeriformes) conundrum: taxonomic dilemma when molecular and non-molecular data tell different stories’, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 55/2 (2010) 347–357;
- L. b. sibiricus = Siberian Shrike – for Siberia – described by Modest Bogdanov in a paper read at the Physics and Mathematics Division of the Imperial Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences, 11 March 1880, ‘Сорокопуты русской фауны и их сородичи’ [Shrikes of the Russian Fauna and Their Relatives], Записки Императорский Академии наук. Санкт-Петербург [Mémoires de l’Académie impériale des sciences de St. Pétersbourg], 39/Suppl. 1 (1881), 101, as Lanius borealis sibiricus;
- L. b. bianchii – for Russian ornithologist Valentin Bianchi – collected by P.I. Suprunenko on Sakhalin, Russia, described by Hartert in Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel (Berlin: Friedländer, 1907), i. Heft 4, 424 (collated and republished in 1 vol.: Berlin: Friedländer, 1910), as Lanius excubitor bianchii;
- L. b. mollis = Soft-plumaged Shrike – from Latin mollis = soft – type specimen collected by Eduard Eversmann along the River Chuya, Altai, (present-day) Russia, described and published by Eversmann in ‘Noch ein kleiner Beitrag zur Mammalogie und Ornithologie des Russischen Reiches’, Bulletin de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou, 26/4 (1854), 498–499, as Lanius mollis;
- L. b. funereus = Funereal Shrike – from Latin fūnereus = funereal – collected by Wilkins near ‘Ulugchat’, probably present-day Wuqia County, Kyrgyzstan, on 12 October 1884 (?), described by M. Menzbier in ‘On some new or little known shrikes from central Asia’, Ibis, 6th ser., 6/23 (1894), 378–381, as Lanius funereus;
- L. b. borealis – the nominate form;
- (HBWAlive recognized subspecies) L. b. invictus = Invincible Shrike – from Latin prefix in- = not, and Latin victus, from vincēre = to win, conquer – described by Joseph Grindell in ‘Birds of the Kotzebue Sound Region’, Pacific Coast Avifauna, 1 (1900), 54–55, as Lanius borealis invictus Northwestern Shrike – lumped with L. b. borealis, 2017 recommendation: James D. Paruk, Tom J. Cade, Eric C. Atkinson, Peter Pyle and Michael A. Patten, ‘Northern Shrike’, in Paul Rodewald (ed.) The Birds of North America (Ithaca, NY: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, 2017);
- Great Grey Shrike – Lanius excubitor = Sentinel Shrike – from Latin excubitor = guard, sentinel – described by Carl Linnaeus (as Caroli Linnæi) in Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (10th edn., Holmiæ [Stockholm]: Salvii, 1758), i. 94, as Lanius Excubitor;
- L. e. excubitor (HBWAlive: Great Grey Shrike) – the nominate form;
- L. e. homeyeri – Homeyers’ Shrike – for Eugen von Homeyer and Alexander von Homeyer – description of type specimen in the Jean Cabanis presented to the 49th monthly meeting of the Deutsche ornithologische Gesellschaft, 2 December 1872, Berlin, published in Journal für Ornithologie, 21/121 (1873), 75–79 (indexed as ‘Ueber zwei für die europäische Ornis neue Würger, Lanius major Pall. und L. Homeyeri n. sp. und über L. sphenocercus n. sp. von China’), as Lanius Homeyeri;
- L. e. leucopterus = White-winged Shrike – Latinized from Greek λευκός, leukós = white, and Greek πτερόν, pterón = wing – first mentioned by N.A. Severtzov in the Systematic Tables of Turkestan Fauna in ‘Вертикальное и горизонтальное распределение Туркестанских животных’ [Vertical and horizontal distribution of Turkestan fauna], Известия Императорском общества любителей естествознания, антропологии и этнографии [News of the Imperial Society of Devotees of Natural History, Anthropology and Ethnography], 8/2 (1873), 67, as Lanius leucoptèrus, but a nomen nudum, subsequently described in a Letter to the Editor of Stray Feathers, 3/5 (1875), 431 (indexed as ‘Notices on Some Turkestan Birds’), as Lanius excubitor var. leucoptera – lumped with L. e. homeyeri, 2008 recommendation: Reuven Yosef and International Shrike Working Group, ‘Family Laniidae (Shrikes)’, Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott, David Christie (eds.), Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 13: Penduline-tits to Shrikes, (Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 2008), 732–773;
- L. e. koenigi = Koenig’s Shrike – for Alexander Koenig – described by Ernst Hartert in ‘Wanderjahren eines Naturforschers: Reisen und Forschungen in Afrika, Asien und Amerika’, Novitates zoologicae, 8/3 (1901), 309–310, as Lanius algeriensis koenigi;
- L. e. algeriensis = Algerian Shrike – for Algeria – collected by Joseph Massion near Oran, Algeria, described by René Lesson in ‘Description d’une nouvelle espèce de Pie-grièche tuée à Oran (Lanius algeriensis)’, Revue zoologique, 2 (1839), 134–135, as Lanius algeriensis;
- L. e. elegans = Elegant Shrike – from Latin ēlegāns = elegant – described by William Swainson in Swainson and John Richardson, Fauna boreali-americana: Or the Zoology of the Northern Parts of British America. Containing Descriptions of the Objects of Natural History Collected on the Late Northern Land Expeditions under Command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part Second: The Birds (London: Murray, 1832), 122–123, as Lanius elegans White-winged Shrike;
- L. e. leucopygos = White-rumped Shrike – Latinized from Greek λευκός, leukós = white, Greek πυγη, pugē = rump, and Greek -ος = suffix – described by Wilhelm Friedrich Hemprich (in honour) and Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (as Friderici Guilelmi Hemprich and Christiani Godofredi Ehrenberg, respectively) in Symbolae physicae seu Icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongalam Syriam Arabiam et Habessiniam. Pars zoologica I. Aves (Berolini [Berlin]: Ex Officina academica, 1833), sigs. d, e, dd, as Lanius leucopygo;
- L. e. jebelmarrae = Jebel Marra Shrike – from Sudanese Arabic Jebel Marra = the Marrah Mountains, Sudan – type specimen collected by H. Lynes in Jebel Marra, 28 November 1921, described at the 272th meeting of the British Ornithologists’ Club, London, 14 February 1923, published in Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club, 43/276 (1923), 94–95 (indexed as ‘Exhibition and description of new subspecies from Darfur: Ploceus tæniopterus furensis, Lanius excubitor jebelmarræ, Mirafra fischeri furensis, Mirafra a. kurræ, and Acrocephalus bœticatus minor‘), as Lanius excubitor jebelmarræ – lumped with L. e. leucopygos, 2008 recommendation: Reuven Yosef and International Shrike Working Group, ‘Family Laniidae (Shrikes)’, Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott, David Christie (eds.), Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 13: Penduline-tits to Shrikes, (Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 2008), 732–773;
- L. e. aucheri = Aucher’s Shrike – for Rémi Aucher-Éloy – collected by Aucher in Persia (present-day Iran) in 1840, described by Charles L. Bonaparte in ‘Monographie des Laniens’, Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée, 2nd ser., 5 (1853), 294, as Lanius aucheri;
- L. e. theresae = Theresa’s Shrike – for Theresa Clay – collected by Richard Meinertzhagen in the hills of Galilee, Israel, on 1 April 1953, decribed by Meinertzhagen in ‘A new geographical race of shrike, Lanius excubitor Linnaeus’, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club, 73/6 (1953), 72, as Lanius excubitor theresæ;
- L. e. buryi = Bury’s Shrike – for G. Wyman Bury – collected by Bury near Yeshbum, Shabwah, Yemen – described by Ludwig Lorenz von Liburnau (as L. von Lorenz) and Eduard Hellmayr in ‘Noch einige neue Arten aus Südarabien’, Ornithologische Monatsberichte, 9/3 (1901), 39, as Lanius buryi;
- L. e. uncinatus = Hooked Shrike – from Latin uncīnātus = hooked, barbed – type specimen collected by I. Bayley Balfour on Socotra, Yemen, between 11 February and 30 March 1880, described in a paper read by P.L. Sclater and G. Hartlaub at the Scientific Meeting of the Zoological Society of London, 18 January 1881, published in ‘On the birds collected in Socotra by Prof. I.B. Balfour’, Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881/11, 168, as Lanius uncinatus;
- L. e. lahtora = Latora Shrike – from Hindi लटोरा, latoraa = shrike – collected by W.H. Sykes on the Deccan Plateau (as Dukhun), India, exhibited by Sykes at the 24 April 1832 meeting of the Committee of Science and Correspondece of the Zoological Society of London, description published in ‘Catalogue of birds of the raptorial and insessorial orders (systematically arranged,) observed in the Dukhun’, Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London, 2/18 (1832), 86, as Collurio Lahtora;
- L. e. pallidirostris (HBWAlive: Steppe Grey Shrike) = Pale-billed Shrike – from Latin pallidus = pale, and Latin rōstrum = bill, beak – type specimen collected in east Africa became part of Victor Masséna‘s Rivoli collection, subsequently bought for the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia by Tom Wilson, description presented by John Cassin to the Academy at the 19 August 1851 meeting, published in ‘Descriptions of new species of of birds of the family Laniadæ, specimens of which are in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia’, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 5/10 (1852), 244–245, as Lanius pallidirostris;
- Iberian Grey Shrike – Lanius meridionalis = Southern Shrike – from Latin merīdiōnālis = southern (Latin merīdiēs = south, and Latin -ālis = relational adjectival suffix) – described by C.-J. Temminck in Manuel d’ornithologie, ou Tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe: précédé d’une analyse du système général d’ornithologie, et suivi d’une table alphabétique des espèces (2nd edn., Paris: Cousin, 1820), i. 143–144, as Lanius meridionalis Pie-grièche méridionale – split from Lanius excubitor, 2010 recommendation: Urban Olsson, Per Alström, Lars Svensson, Mansour Aliabadian and Per Sundberg, ‘The Lanius excubitor (Aves, Passeriformes) conundrum: taxonomic dilemma when molecular and non-molecular data tell different stories’, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 55/2 (2010) 347–357;
- Chinese Grey Shrike – Lanius sphenocercus = Wedge-tailed Shrike – Latinized from Greek σφήν, sphḗn = wedge, and Greek κέρκος, kérkos = tail – type specimen from the Berlin Museum presented by Jean Cabanis to the 49th monthly meeting of the Deutsche ornithologische Gesellschaft, Berlin, 2 December 1872, published in Journal für Ornithologie, 21/121 (1873), 76 (indexed as ‘Ueber zwei für die europäische Ornis neue Würger, Lanius major Pall. und L. Homeyeri n. sp. und über L. sphenocercus n. sp. von China’), as Lanius sphenocercus;
- L. s. giganteus (Tibetan Grey Shrike/Giant Shrike) = Gigantic Shrike – from Latin giganteus = gigantic – type specimen collected by Nikolay Przhevalsky near ‘Gomi’ along the Huang He (Yellow River) on 19 May 1880 (Julian calendar)/31 May 1880 (Gregorian calendar), description published in ‘Новые виды птиц Центральной Азии’ [New species of birds of central Asia], Zapiski Imperatorskoĭ akademīi nauk/Mémoires de l’Académie impériale des sciences de St.-Pétersbourg, 55/1 (1887), 86 (republ. N.M. Prjevalsky, ‘On new species of central-Asian birds’ (trans. E. Delmar Morgan), Ibis, 5th ser., 5/20 (1887), 409–411, and Carl Detitius, ‘Przewalsky’s neue Vogelarten Centralasiens: Vortrag des Ehrenmitgliedes der Akademie N.M. Przewalsky in der Sitzung der Physikalisch-mathematischen Abtheilung in St. Peterburg vom 1.–13. Januar 1887’ (trans. C. Detitius), Journal für Ornithologie, 35/179 (1887), 280–281, though publ. likely 1888), as Lanius giganteus = HBWAlive Lanius giganteus Giant Grey Shrike;
- L. s. sphenocercus – the nominate form;
- Grey-backed Fiscal – Lanius excubitoroides = Great Grey-like Shrike – from epithet Lanius excubitor, and suffix -oides (from Greek εἶδος, eîdos) = resembling – type specimen collected in Abyssinia (now Ethiopia and/or Nubia (now part of Egypt and Sudan)) by Joseph-Pons d’Arnaud Bey, described by Fl. Prévost and O. Desmurs (Marc Œillet des Murs) in Marc Œillet des Murs (as O. des Murs), Florent Prévost, Alphone Guichenot (as Guichenot) and Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville (as Guérin-Menneville), Voyage en Abyssinie exécuté pendant les années 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843 par une commission scientifique composée de MM. Théophile Lefebvre Lieutenant de vaisseau, A. Petit et Quartin-Dillon Docteur-Médecins naturalistes du muséum, Vignaud Dessinateur. Quatrième Partie, Histoire naturelle: Zoologie (Paris: Bertrand, 1847), 99–100, as Lanius excubitoroides Pie-grièche grise variée = Varied Grey Shrike;
- L. e. excubitoroides – nominate;
- L. e. intercedens = Intermediate Shrike – from Latin intercēdēns = intervening, interceding – collected by Oscar Neumann south of Mount Zuqualla, Ethiopia on 19 November 1900, description published in ‘Vögel von Schoa und Süd-Äthiopien’, Journal für Ornithologie, 53/1 (1905), 228–229, as Lanius excubitoroides intercedens;
- L. e. boehmi = Böhm’s Shrike – for Richard Böhm – type specimen collected by Böhm near ‘Katani Boga’, along the eastern side of Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania, description published in ‘Neue Vogelarten aus Central-Afrika’, Journal für Ornithologie, 32/165 (1884), 177, as Lanius Schalowi, in honour of Herman Schalow – Lanius Schalowi had already been mentioned by journal editor Norman Lockyer in Nature, 24/610 (1881), 232, attributed to R. Bowdler Sharpe in his paper read at the 21 June 1881 meeting of the Zoological Society of London – however, the published paper by Bowdler Sharpe, ‘On the birds of Sandakan, north-east Borneo’, Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1881, 1881(?)/50–51, 790–800, makes no mention of the name – subsequently renamed by Anton Reichenow in Journal für Ornithologie, 50/2 (1902), 258 (indexed as ‘Über neue afrikanische Arten’), as Lanius böhmi;
- Long-tailed Fiscal – Lanius cabanisi = Cabanis’s Shrike – for Jean Cabanis – type specimen collected by Karl Klaus von der Decken, description presented to the first annual meeting of the Deutsche ornithologische Gesellschaft, Berlin 7 October 1868, by Cabanis as Lanius caudatus, published in Journal für Ornithologie, 16/96 (1868), 412, as Lanius caudatus = Long-tailed Shrike, which was preoccupied by Christian Ludwig Brehm in Der vollständige Vögelsang : Eine gründliche Anleitung alle europaischen Vögel (Weimar: Voigt, 1855), 84 (a synonym of Lanius nubicus), subsequently renamed by Ernst Hartert in ‘Miscellanea ornithologica: critical, nomenclatorial, and other notes, mostly on palaearctic birds and their allies’, Novitates Zoologicae, 8/2 (1906), 404–405, as Lanius cabanisi;
- Taita Fiscal – Lanius dorsalis = Grey-backed Shrike – from Latin dorsālis = backed (dorsum = back) – type specimen collected by J.M. Hildebrandt near N’Di in the Taita Hills, Kenya, presented by Jean Cabanis at the 21st meeting of the Deutsche ornithologische Gesellschaft, Berlin 4 March 1878, a brief description published in Journal für Ornithologie, 26/142 (1878), 205, as Lanius (Fiscus) dorsalis, a more extensive description was provided by Cabanis in the subsequent issue of the journal, ‘Uebersicht der Vögel Ost-Afrikas, welche von den Herren J.M. Hildebrandt und v. Kalckreuth gesammelt sind’, Journal für Ornithologies, 26/143 (1878), 225–226;
- Somali Fiscal – Lanius somalicus = Somalian Shrike – for Somalia – collected by Theodor von Heuglin near ‘Bender-Gam in the counytry of the Ker-Singeli-Somals’, along the Somalian Red Sea coast, 1 November 1857, described by Heuglin and description edited by Gustav Hartlaub in Theodor von Heuglin, ‘List of birds observed and collected during a voyage in the Red Sea’ (ed. and transl. by G. Hartlaub), Ibis, 1/4 (1859), 342, as Lanius somalicus;
- Northern Fiscal – Lanius humeralis = Caped Shrike – from Latin humerālis = having a cape – collected by Henry Salt near Chelicut, Abyssinia (now Ethiopia), described by Edward Smith-Stanley in Henry Salt, A Voyage to Abyssinia, and Travels into the Interior of That Country: Executed under the Orders of the British Government, in the Years 1809 and 1810, in Which Are Included, an Account of the Portuguese Settlements on the East Coast of Africa, Visited in the Course of the Voyage, a Concise Narrative of Late Events in Arabia Felix, and Some Particulars Respecting the Aboriginal African Tribes, Extending from Mosambique to the Borders of Egypt, together with Vocabularies of their Respective Languages, Illustrated with a Map of Abyssinia, Numerous Engravings, and Charts (London: Rivington, 1814), App. 4, li–lii, as Lanius humeralis White-shouldered Shrike – split from Lanius collaris, 2011 recommendation: Jérôme Fuchs, Timothy M. Crowe, Rauri C.K. Bowie, ‘Phylogeography of the fiscal shrike (Lanius collaris): a novel pattern of genetic structure across the arid zones and savannas of Africa’, Journal of Biogeography, 38/11 (2011), 2210–2222 – HBWAlive has this species lumped with Lanius collaris;
- L. h. smithii = Smith’s Shrike – for Andrew Smith – type specimen presented by Louis Fraser to the meeting of the Zoological Society of London on 14 February 1943, description published in Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 11/121 (1843), 16 (indexed as ‘On eight new species of birds from western Africa’), as Collurio smithii;
- L. h. humeralis – the nominate form;
- L. h. capelli = Capello’s Shrike – for Hermenegildo Capello – described by J.V. Barbosa du Bocage (as Barboza du Bocage) in ‘Subsídios para a Fauna das possessões portuguezas d’Africa occidental: III. Sertão de Angola, do Bihé ao Cassange’, Jornal de sciências mathemáticas, físicas e naturaes, 7/26 (1879), 93, as Fiscus capelli, where Fiscus = basket, purse, likely in reference to shrike parlors, while an etymological link to cleaver and to cleave is contested;
- Southern Fiscal – Lanius collaris (HBWAlive: Common Fiscal) = Collared Shrike – from Latin collāris = collared – described by Carl Linnaeus (Caroli a Linné) in Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (12th edn., Holmiæ [Stockholm]: Salvii, 1766), i. 135, as Lanius collaris;
- L. c. aridicolus = Desert Shrike – from Latin āridus = dry, arid, and Latin -colus = dweller (from colere = to inhabit) – collected by South African naturalist R.D. Bradfield near Swakopmund, Namibia, 29 June 1932, described by P.A. Clancey in ‘A new geographical race of the Fiscal Shrike Lanius collaris Linnaeus from the deserts of south-west Africa and Angola’, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club, 75/3 (1955), 32–33, as Lanius collaris aridicolus;
- L. c. pyrrhostictus = Red-spotted Shrike – Latinized from Greek πῠρρός, purrhós = fiery, red, and Greek στικτός, stiktós = spotted – described by Emil Holub and Aug. von Pelzeln in Beiträge zur Ornithologie Südafrikas. Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der von Dr. Holub auf seinen südafrikanischen Reisen gesammelten und im Pavillon des Amateurs zu Wien ausgestellten Arten (Wien [Vienna]: Hölder, 1882), pl. 2, 97–98, as Lanius pyrrhostictus Rothfleck-Würger;
- L. c. subcoronatus = Semi-crowned Shrike – from Latin sub- = somewhat, and Latin corōnātus = crowned – described by Andrew Smith in Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa, Consisting Chiefly of Figures and Descriptions of the Objects of Natural History Collected during an Expedition into the Interior of South Africa, in the Years 1834, 1835, and 1836: Fitted out by ‘The Cape of Good Hope Association for Exploring Central Africa’, together with a Summary of African Zoology, and an Inquiry into the Geographical Ranges of Species in that Quarter of the Globe (London: Smith, Elder, 1841), xiv. pl. 68ff. (collated and republ. in Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa, Consisting Chiefly of Figures and Descriptions of the Objects of Natural History Collected during an Expedition into the Interior of South Africa, in the Years 1834, 1835, and 1836: Fitted out by ‘The Cape of Good Hope Association for Exploring Central Africa’ (London: Smith, Elder, 1849), pl. 68ff.), as Lanius subcoronatus;
- L. c. collaris – the nominate form;
- L. c. marwitzi (Uhehe Fiscal) = Marwitz’s Shrike – for German army Lieutenant Lothar von der Marwitz, stationed in Tanzania – collected by Marwitz near Ngomingi, Uhehe region (land of the Hehe), Iringa Region, Tanzania on 16 July and 28 August 1899, described by Anton Reichenow in Ornithologische Monatsberichte, 9/6 (1901), 90, as Lanius marwitzi;
- Sao Tome Fiscal (HBWAlive: Newton’s Fiscal) – Lanius newtoni = Newton’s Shrike – for Francisco Newton – collected by Newton on ‘St. Miguel’ and near the Rio Quija, Sāo Tomé Island, described by J.V. Barbosa du Bocage (as Barboza du Bocage) in ‘Oiseaux de l’ile St. Thomé’, Jornal de sciências mathemáticas, físicas e naturaes, 2nd ser., 2/6 (1891), 79–80, as Lanius (Fiscus) Newtoni;
- Woodchat Shrike – Lanius senator = Senator Shrike – from Latin senātor = senator – described by Carl Linnaeus (as Caroli Linnæi) in Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (10th edn., Holmiæ [Stockholm]: Salvii, 1758), i. 94–95, as Lanius Senator;
- L. s. senator (HBWAlive: Woodchat Shrike) – the nominate form;
- L. s. rutilans = Blushing Shrike – from Latin rutilāns = reddening – mentioned by C.J. Temminck in his ‘Tableau méthodique’, the index to Temminck and Guillaume Michel Jérôme Meiffren Laugier (as Baron Meiffren Laugier de Chartrouse), Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d’oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon (Paris: Levrault, 1838), i. 19, described briefly in Manuel d’ornithologie, ou Tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe: précédé d’une analyse du système général d’ornithologie, et suivi d’une table alphabétique des espèces (2nd edn., Paris: Cousin, 1840), iv. 601, in reference to a plate by Georges-Louis Leclerc (Comte de Buffon) in Planches enluminées d’histoire naturelle (Paris: Imprimerie Royale, 1770), ii. 477 – lumped with Lanius senator senator, 1997 recommendation: Norbert Lefranc and Tim Worfolk, Shrikes: A Guide to the Shrikes of the World (London: Pica, 1997), 162;
- L. s. badius (HBWAlive: Balearic Shrike) = Chestnut-coloured Shrike – from Latin badius = reddish brown, chestnut coloured – described by G. Hartlaub in ‘Versuch einer synoptischen Ornithologie Westafrica’s’, Journal für Ornithologie, 2/8 (1854), 100, as Lanius badius;
- L. s. niloticus = Nilotic Shrike – from Latin nīlōticus = of the Nile – described by Charles L. Bonaparte in ‘Monographie des laniens’, Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée, 2nd ser., 5 (1853), 439 as Enneoctonus niloticus;
- Masked Shrike – Lanius nubicus = Nubian Shrike – for Nubia, Egypt/Sudan – described by H. Lichtenstein in Verzeichniss der Doubletten des Zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin, nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen (Berlin: Trautwein, 1823), 47–48, as Lanius nubicus;
